Violence Against Women Act Essay Example For Students

Brutality Against Women Act Essay The Violence Against Women Act makes an option to be liberated from wrongdoings ofviolence that are sexual orientation spurred. It likewise gives a private common right ofaction to the casualties of these violations. The Senate report joined to the actstates that Gender based violations and dread of sex based crimesreducesemployment openings and customer spending influencing interstatecommerce. Sara Benenson has been mishandled by her significant other, Andrew Benenson, since 1978. Due to this maltreatment, she sued her better half under different tort claims andviolations under the Violence Against Women Act. Presently Mr. Benenson isprotesting the lawfulness of this demonstration guaranteeing that Congress has noright to pass a law that administers for the normal government assistance. In any case, Congress has an unmistakable Constitutional option to direct interstatecommerce. This demonstration depends entirely on interstate trade and is thereforeConstitutional. On account of misuse, Sara Benenson was reluctant to get a jobbecause it would outrage her significant other. She was reluctant to return to class andshe was hesitant to go out on the town to shop or spend any cash all alone. Each of the three ofthese things plainly meddle and influence interstate trade. Ladies likeMrs. Benenson are the explanation the demonstration was passed. We will compose a custom exposition on Violence Against Women Act explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now There has been a long history of decisions for Congresss power tolegislate utilizing the trade proviso as a legitimization. For the past fiftyyears, Congresss option to decipher the business proviso has beenunchallenged by the Court with scarcely any special cases. There is no judicious reasonfor this court to conflict with the amazing points of reference set by the Supreme courtto permit Congress to utilize the Commerce proviso. On account of Katzenbach v. McClung, the Court maintained a demonstration of Congresswhich depended on the trade proviso, that disallowed isolation. McClung,the proprietor of a grill that would not permit blacks to eat inside therestaurant, guaranteed that his business was totally intrastate. He statedthat his business had practically zero out of state business and was thereforenot dependent upon the demonstration passed by Congress since it couldn't legislateintrastate trade. The Court in any case, concluded that on the grounds that the restaurantreceived a portion of its food from out of express that it was included ininterstate business. A similar rationale ought to be applied for this situation. Despite the fact that Sara Benensonsinability to work probably won't appear to influence interstate business, it will insome path as with McClung, in this way making the demonstration protected. The SupremeCourt had concluded that any association with interstate commerce,as long as ithas a discerning premise, makes it workable for Congress to enact it. In the United States v. Lopez choice, The Supreme Court struck down the GunFree School Zones Act. Its thinking was that Congress had violated itspower to administer interstate trade. The Court concluded that this demonstration wasnot adequately grounded in interstate business for Congress to be allowedto pass it. The conditions for this situation are altogether unique in relation to for the situation ofSara Benenson. For a certain something, the Gun Free School Zones Act was not almost aswell situated in the trade condition similar to our case. The Gun demonstration said thatviolence in schools shielded understudy from learning and subsequently constrained theirfuture winning force. It additionally said that savagery influenced national insurancecompanies. These associations are questionable, best case scenario and by and large too long termto be thought of. Be that as it may, on account of Mrs. Benenson, her powerlessness towork and spend legitimately and promptly influenced interstate trade. Consequently, the Lopez choice ought not have any part in the choice ofthis case. .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f , .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .postImageUrl , .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f , .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f:hover , .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f:visited , .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f:active { border:0!important; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f:active , .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f:hover { haziness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enrichment: underline; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u56e8b94a0f16d ec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Anthropologie Culturelle EssayThe Supreme Court, in McCulloch v. Maryland, gave Congress the privilege to makelaws that are out of their severe Constitutional powers in order to be capable tofulfill one of their Constitutional obligations. For this situation, the Court allowedthe government to make a bank. There is no Constitutional right task this and Maryland tested the production of this bank. The high courtruled that with the goal for Congress to have the option to achieve its obligations. A similar rationale ought to be applied here. The Violence Against Women Act is anexample of Congress violating its immediate Constitutional rights so it canbetter direct and encourage interstate trade. All together for Congress tolegislate interstate business decently, it must permit individuals to have the option to workand spend as they ought to have the option to. In the event that a lady fears being mishandled ifshe finds a new line of work or goes through cash, it influences interstate business. Along these lines TheViolence Against Women Act is Constitutionally based and vital forinterstate business. Savagery against ladies is a horrendous wrongdoing. It obliterates womens self esteem,tears separated families, and crushes lives. Ordinarily, it will prompt murderor other horrendous violations. What the Violence Against Women Act is attempting to dois give ladies a weapon to shield themselves from vicious life partners. Withoutthis act, numerous ladies would be left unequipped for getting any type of financialredress for the long stretches of anguish and misuse they experienced. It isn't right to deny ladies a device to remake theyre lives after an abusiverelationship. The long periods of misuse they experienced makes it hard if notimpossible for them to find a new line of work or work in an office. These ladies are afraidfor the remainder of their lives that in the event that they commit an error or disappoint the menaround them, they will be beaten. This demonstration permits ladies to get a few methods ofgetting cash to live on while they remake their lives. It permits them tose ek proficient assistance if important. Without this demonstration, ladies would be forcedon government assistance or more regrettable. At the point when this occurs, it benefits nobody. The Violence Against Women Act has a solid Constitutional premise in thecommerce statement, regardless of what Andrew Benenson says. The Supreme Court hasallowed numerous demonstrations, for example, this to represent the previous fifty years. All theprecedents of cases with comparative conditions are to permit the demonstration tostand. Likewise, we can't overlook the human part of this case. This demonstration is atool for ladies to revamp their broke lives after an abusiverelationship. To announce his demonstration illegal would be both legitimately andmorally wrong.Words/Pages : 971/24

The Da Vinci Code Chapter 13-17 Free Essays

string(63) had discovered the speck, he would have evacuated it and attempted to run. Part 13 For a few seconds, Langdon gazed in wonder at the photo of Sauniere’s postscript. P. S. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Da Vinci Code Chapter 13-17 or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Discover Robert Langdon.He felt as though the floor were tilting underneath his feet. Sauniere left a postscript with my name on it? In his most out of this world fantasies, Langdon couldn't understand why. â€Å"Now do you understand,† Sophie stated, her eyes urgent,† why Fache requested you here this evening, and why you are his essential suspect?† The main thing Langdon comprehended right now was the reason Fache had looked so self-satisfied when Langdon recommended Sauniere would have denounced his executioner by name. Discover Robert Langdon. â€Å"Why would Sauniere compose this?† Langdon requested, his disarray currently offering approach to outrage. â€Å"Why would I need to execute Jacques Sauniere?† â€Å"Fache presently can't seem to uncover an intention, yet he has been recording his whole discussion with you today around evening time in trusts you may uncover one.† Langdon opened his mouth, yet at the same time no words came. â€Å"He’s fitted with a scaled down microphone,† Sophie clarified. â€Å"It’s associated with a transmitter in his pocket that radios the sign back to the order post.† â€Å"This is impossible,† Langdon stammered. â€Å"I have a vindication. I went legitimately back to my lodging after my talk. You can ask the inn desk.† â€Å"Fache as of now did. His report shows you recovering your room key from the attendant at around ten-thirty. Lamentably, the hour of the homicide was more like eleven. You effectively could have left your lodging unseen.† â€Å"This is craziness! Fache has no evidence!† Sophie’s eyes extended as though to state: No evidence?† Mr. Langdon, your name is composed on the floor adjacent to the body, and Sauniere’s date book says you were with him at roughly the hour of the murder.† She stopped. â€Å"Fache has all that anyone could need proof to arrest you for questioning.† Langdon abruptly detected that he required a legal counselor. â€Å"I didn’t do this.† Sophie moaned. â€Å"This isn't American TV, Mr. Langdon. In France, the laws ensure the police, not hoodlums. Shockingly, for this situation, there is additionally the media thought. Jacques Sauniere was an extremely conspicuous and all around adored figure in Paris, and his homicide will be news toward the beginning of the day. Fache will be feeling the squeeze to say something, and he looks significantly better having a suspect in care as of now. Regardless of whether you are blameworthy, you assuredly will be held by DCPJ until they can make sense of what truly happened.† Langdon felt like a confined creature. â€Å"Why are you revealing to me all this?† â€Å"Because, Mr. Langdon, I trust you are innocent.† Sophie turned away for a second and afterward once more at him. â€Å"And additionally in light of the fact that it is incompletely my deficiency that you’re in trouble.† â€Å"I’m sorry? It’s your deficiency Sauniere is attempting to outline me?† â€Å"Sauniere wasn’t attempting to outline you. It was a slip-up. That message on the floor was intended for me.† Langdon required a moment to process that one. â€Å"I ask your pardon?† â€Å"That message wasn’t for the police. He composed it for me.I think he had to do everything in such a rush, that he just didn’t acknowledge how it would look to the police.† She stopped. â€Å"The numbered code is unimportant. Sauniere composed it to ensure the examination included cryptographers, guaranteeing that I would know at the earliest opportunity what had happened to him.† Langdon felt himself losing contact quick. Regardless of whether Sophie Neveu had lost her brain was now available for anyone, yet in any event Langdon now comprehended why she was attempting to support him. P. S.Find Robert Langdon.She obviously accepted the guardian had left her an enigmatic postscript advising her to discover Langdon. â€Å"But for what reason do you think his message was for you?† â€Å"The Vitruvian Man,†she said straight. â€Å"That specific sketch has consistently been my preferred Da Vinci work. Today around evening time he utilized it to get my attention.† â€Å"Hold on. You’re saying the custodian knew your preferred bit of art?† She gestured. â€Å"I’m sorry. This is all coming faulty. Jacques Sauniere and I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sophie’s voice got, and Langdon heard an abrupt despairing there, an agonizing past, stewing just beneath the surface. Sophie and Jacques Sauniere clearly had a unique relationship. Langdon examined the lovely young lady before him, very much aware that maturing men in France regularly took youthful special ladies. All things considered, Sophie Neveu as a† kept woman† some way or another didn’t appear to fit. â€Å"We had a dropping out ten years ago,† Sophie stated, her voice a murmur now. â€Å"We’ve scarcely spoken since. Today around evening time, when Crypto got the call that he had been killed, and I saw the pictures of his body and content on the floor, I understood he was attempting to send me a message.† â€Å"Because of The Vitruvian Man?† â€Å"Yes. What's more, the letters P. S.† â€Å"Post Script?† She shook her head. â€Å"P. S. are my initials.† â€Å"But your name is Sophie Neveu.† She turned away. â€Å"P. S. is the epithet he called me when I lived with him.† She become flushed. â€Å"It represented Princesse Sophie† Langdon had no reaction. â€Å"Silly, I know,† she said. â€Å"But it was years back. At the point when I was a little girl.† â€Å"You knew him when you were a little girl?† â€Å"Quite well,† she stated, her eyes welling now with feeling. â€Å"Jacques Sauniere was my grandfather.† Part 14 â€Å"Where’s Langdon?† Fache requested, breathing out the remainder of a cigarette as he paced over into the order post. â€Å"Still in the men’s room, sir.† Lieutenant Collet had been anticipating the inquiry. Fache grumbled,† Taking his time, I see.† The chief looked at the GPS spot over Collet’s shoulder, and Collet could nearly hear the wheels turning. Fache was battling the desire to go keep an eye on Langdon. In a perfect world, the subject of a perception was permitted the most time and opportunity conceivable, quieting him into an incorrect conviction that all is well with the world. Langdon expected to return independently. In any case, it had been just about ten minutes. Excessively long. â€Å"Any chance Langdon is onto us?† Fache inquired. Collet shook his head. â€Å"We’re as yet observing little developments inside the men’s room, so the GPS dab is clearly still on him. Maybe he feels sick? On the off chance that he had discovered the dab, he would have evacuated it and attempted to run. You read The Da Vinci Code Chapter 13-17 in classification Exposition examples† Fache checked his watch. â€Å"Fine.† Still Fache appeared to be distracted. All night, Collet had detected an atypical power in his commander. Typically isolates and cool under tension, Fache today around evening time appeared to be sincerely connected with, as though this were by one way or another an individual issue for him. To be expected, Collet thought. Fache needs this capture desperately.Recently the Board of Ministers and the media had gotten all the more straightforwardly incredulous of Fache’s forceful strategies, his conflicts with amazing outside international safe havens, and his gross over planning on new innovations. This evening, a cutting edge, prominent capture of an American would go far to quietness Fache’s pundits, helping him secure the activity a couple of more years until he could resign with the worthwhile annuity. God knows he needs the annuity, Collet thought. Fache’s energy for innovation had harmed him both expertly and by and by. Fache was reputed to have put his whole reserve funds in the innovation fever a couple of years back and lost his shirt. Also, Fache is a man who wears just the best shirts. This evening, there was still a lot of time. Sophie Neveu’s odd interference, however awful, had been just a minor wrinkle. She was gone now, Fache still had cards to play. He still couldn't seem to illuminate Langdon that his name had been scribbled on the floor by the person in question. P. S.Find Robert Langdon.The American’s response to that tad of proof would be telling in fact. â€Å"Captain?† one of the DCPJ specialists currently called from over the workplace. â€Å"I think you better take this call.† He was holding out a phone recipient, looking concerned. â€Å"Who is it?† Fache said. The specialist scowled. â€Å"It’s the chief of our Cryptology Department.† â€Å"And?† â€Å"It’s about Sophie Neveu, sir. Something isn't exactly right.† Section 15 The time had come. Silas felt solid as he ventured from the dark Audi, the evening time breeze stirring his baggy robe. The unavoidable trends are in the air.He knew the assignment before him would require more artfulness than power, and he left his handgun in the vehicle. The thirteen-round Heckler Koch USP 40 had been given by the Teacher. A weapon of death has no spot in a place of God. The court before the incredible church was abandoned at this hour, the main obvious spirits on the most distant side of Place Saint-Sulpice two or three high school hookers demonstrating their products to the late night vacationer traffic. Their nubile bodies sent a recognizable aching to Silas’s flanks. His thigh flexed intuitively, causing the thorned cilice belt to cut horrendously into his tissue. The desire dissipated in a split second. For a long time at this point, Silas had steadfastly denied himself all sexual extravagance, even self-directed. It was The Way.He realized he had yielded a lot to follow Opus Dei, yet he had gotten substantially more consequently. A promise of chastity and the surrender of every close to home resource barely appeared to be a penance. Considering the destitution from which he had

Books To Read At Any Speed On The Treadmill

Books To Read At Any Speed On The Treadmill If your daily grind includes hopping on the treadmill, your daily grind can then also include some fresh reading time. Listening to music can get you going, but reading can, too. Here are some suggestions for whatever speed you (t)read. If you’re the strolling kind, then dive into some quiet poetry. Start with the solemn haiku of Basho. Try Bashos Haiku: Selected Poems  to get a smattering of harmonious moments in time. Because his works focus mostly on the outdoors, it’ll be like taking a walk outside. Plus, haiku is short, so you’ll feel like you’re accomplishing a lot of reading during even a short walk. For more nature-infused poems along with some historic elements, Joy Harjo’s She Had Some Horses can do the trick. Harjo’s poetry reveals stunning landscapes and traditions of Native American heritage. Read Li-Young Lee’s poetry for more familial history. Rose offers a collection of poems that is sometimes funny, always sweet, though sometimes bitter sweet. (His latest, The Undressing, contains similar elements but the tone and subject matter gets a little heavier, and might be for a quicker pace). If you increase the incline, increase the pace, or increase both, power walk your way into these types of tomes. Laughing can help burn those calories and distract from a longish walk, so dive into anything by the comedians you love. Read or even reread Tina Fey’s Bossypants. This auto-lit collection of essays gives the inside scoop of her life through her classic wry delivery. Even the serious moments are light. If you’re into comedy that’s also sci-fi and absurd, go for Douglas Adams’s The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy trilogyâ€"reading them in order will help, but if you like the bonus of confusion getting your heart pumping, read them in any order you wish. Either way, you’ll feel like you’re actually moving through the universe as you move on that belt. As an alternative, instead of laughing, you can check out Joshua Ferris’s The Unnamed because it’s literally about a man who can’t stop walking. Motivation! If the slow burn of jogging with a moving incline is your thing, the slow burn of creepy eerie thrillers can be your thing, too. Go with Paula Hawkin’s Into The Water or (reread) The Girl on the Train. Both push you to the edge of suspense, and The Girl On The Train makes you feel like you’re moving as she commutes. Anything by Octavia Butler will have that similar slow burn of eeriness with a sci-fi edge. Fledgling has some vampire moodiness to keep you going.  Also, Lauren Groff’s The Monsters of Templeton will work because there are literally joggers. If you like to run, like really run, like at warp speed, then you need adrenaline. Megan Abbott’s You Will Know Me  will have you running, perhaps trying to run away from all the underground seediness of the subculture of gymnastics. Plus, it’s got an element of fitness. Another non-stop crazy-fest is Lolita Files’s Sex.Lies.Murder.Fame. It’s about exactly what the title says, and yet, you still never see what’s coming before you turn the page. Once your timer winds down, you’ll want to keep coming back to the treadmill not just to work out but to keep on readingâ€"speed reading! (I was waiting to use that pun!) Want some inspiration to get you on that treadmill for the rest of the winter? Check out Aisling Twomeys Books To Push You Through Winter Training. via GIPHY

Ronald Reagan s 50th Anniversary Speech - 1225 Words

Ronald Reagan s 40th Anniversary Speech of D-Day Ronald Wilson Reagan, February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004 was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Prior to his presidency, he was the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975, following a career as a Hollywood actor and union leader. ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan) Reagan also served in the U.S. Army during World War Two achieving the rank of Lieutenant But due to his eyesight he was stationed stateside, creating training films. I chose this speech because of the topics he touches on. Not only the past but also the future. â€Å"We re here to mark that day in history when the Allied armies joined in battle to reclaim this continent to liberty. For 4 long years, much of Europe had been under a terrible shadow. Free nations had fallen, Jews cried out in the camps, millions cried out for liberation. Europe was enslaved, and the world prayed for its rescue. Here in Normandy the rescue began. Here the Allies stood and fought against tyranny in a giant undertaking unparalleled in human history.† ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan) Even though the speech is political in the delivery it is more about the whole and not one countries contribution to the war. He incorporates the Allies as the whole in the first passages and then gave reverence to the 225 young men from the Rangers and that after two days of fighting that only 90Show MoreRelatedJim Cullen s The American Dream965 Words   |  4 Pagesfamily with two kids and a dog living in a home with a white picket fence. Others declare hav ing millions of dollars and a beach home is the ultimate goal. So, what exactly is the American Dream? In the Conservative conference speech â€Å"We Will Be a City upon a Hill†, Ronald Reagan demanded that traditional values defined the American Dream while President Obama argued equality was quintessential. In both presidential speeches, they each discussed two vastly drastic interpretations of the American DreamRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy2040 Words   |  9 Pagespoint would come for future President Ronald Reagan. In October 1964, Ronald Reagan gave a moving speech in support of Presidential candidate Barry Goldwater. Reagan was a phenomenal speaker and the American people learned this from hearing his speech â€Å"A Time for Choosing.† He knew how to engage the audience and keep them interested in what he was saying. He made them laugh one minute and feel anger in the next. When he spoke people listened. His speech endorsing Barry Goldwater was one thatRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

The Effects Of Art On The Brain Essay example - 2205 Words

Art has been around ever since humans came to be on the earth. Some examples of the oldest recorded art in the world are prehistoric cave paintings, which were painted on cave walls thousands of years ago. These cave paintings were used to communicate and record the stories of the artists. The paintings themselves may have been extremely simple, but they still got the message across. Communication is just one of the many uses of art. Art can be used for virtually anything from therapy to entertainment, and that is because almost everybody enjoys some form of art. Art is an international language that people from all walks of life can understand together, and it has one of the fastest growing communities in the modern world. Probably†¦show more content†¦According to some neuroscience experts, it is natural and normal for humans to want to decorate and improve whatever is around them (Malchiodi, 5). Some artists dont even create art for the money or the fame. They si mply love to make things, and they love to share their talents with the world. While not everyone enjoys making art, most people do enjoy looking at art. Art is a global industry, and affects everyone in all different types of culture. A very reputable neurodevelopment expert named Bruce Perry actually stated that the arts have some part to play in every culture to some extent (Malchiodi, 2). This makes sense because most ancient civilizations would use art to record the events that happened to them, just like the cave paintings. Another reason for ancient civilizations to so openly use art is because art has the ability to enhance communities. When an entire community comes together to make something, it gives everyone within that community something to connect with, and that forms trust between all of the people. It is actually proven that groups who engage in the arts or those that hold art events are more unified as a whole (Malchiodi, 6). Most people also make art in th e hopes that they can share it with other people (Malchiodi, 8). Art gives most people a way to express themselves and get away from the problems of daily life, and also gives a positiveShow MoreRelatedArt And Alzheimer s Disease846 Words   |  4 PagesArt and Alzheimer s Disease By Lois Dewitt | Submitted On July 03, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest 1 Expert Author Lois Dewitt The effects of this disease are often devastating. Plaques, which areRead More The Psychological Effect of Art Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesPsychological Effect of Art† Paintings, like many forms of art, are very subjective—what one may find intriguing another may completely disagree. â€Å"Art is physical material that affects a physical eye and conscious brain† (Solso, 13). To glance at art, we must go through a process of interpretation in order to understand what it is we are looking at. Solso describes the neurological, perceptual, and cognitive sequence that occurs when we view art, and the often inexpressible effect that a workRead MoreThe Arts Is An Essential Part Of The Human Brain1535 Words   |  7 PagesEducation in the arts is an essential part in the development of the human brain. Not only is art important in schools, but in all of society as well. The arts are a necessity to society because they encourage energy and creativity and help to encourage students to be creative, flexible, and to express themselves. 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FinallyRead More The I-Function And Alzheimers Disease: Where is The Person?12 43 Words   |  5 PagesThe I-Function And Alzheimers Disease: Where is The Person? Alzheimers disease (AD) is a serious form of dementia that involves the destruction of brain cells, and ultimately leads to death (1). What makes AD such a frightening disease, for both the patient and their family members, is the loss of self associated with the dementia. Those afflicted with AD cant understand the changes going on within themselves. Family members are upset by the loss of the person they once knew. It is commonRead MoreThe Importance of Arts in School Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagesthat is in a core subject or the arts. It gets them ready for life after school when they will be out in the real world having a career. However, the lack of art programs in school is a problem. Art programs have been continuously eliminated throughout the years. Schools focus on standardize testing and trying to improve their students’ scores. Schools enforce the core classes of English, Science, Math, and History, leaving no time for kids to take what little art classes they o ffer. â€Å"Every childRead MoreStrokes Essay794 Words   |  4 Pagessocial support services are also considered. Rehabilitation Psychology: Objective: To investigate the efficacy of music therapy techniques as an aid in improving mood and social interaction after traumatic brain injury or stroke. Design: Eighteen individuals with traumatic brain injury or stroke were assigned either standard rehabilitation alone or standard rehabilitation along with music therapy (3 treatments per week for up to 10 treatments). Measures: Pretreatment and posttreatment assessmentsRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Common Form Of Dementia1311 Words   |  6 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is a common form of dementia that affects the brain (Bethune, 2010). It affects millions of Americans and is one of the leading cause of death in the United States (Bethune, 2010). There is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s, however there is ongoing research on reducing the risk and how to cure the disease (Bethune, 2010, Baumgart, M., Snyder, H. M., Carrillo, M. C., Fazio, S., Kim, H., Johns, H. (2015). Understanding the best way to manage the disease and how to care for

Back to the Dreamtime Free Essays

â€Å"Back to the Dreamtime† wrote by H. Q. Mitchell showed that a teenage Aboriginal boy, Richard, who was a boy raised in white Australian society, however he never forget to claim himself as an Aboriginal. We will write a custom essay sample on Back to the Dreamtime or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, he never give up to find his father’s burial ground. Richard, his brother, and his best friend on a journey of self-discovery, mystery and adventure through the Australian outback. In this novel â€Å"Back to the Dreamtime†, there are several main characters, but I would like to choose Richard and Tom to show the relationship between two of them in this novel. Richard and Tom are full of respect, they do a lot of things together, adventurous, reluctant to separate with families, and also helpful and obedient children. Richard and Tom are same ages brother, even though Richard was adopted by Tom’s parents, that’s means that they are not natural brother. They showed their respect to each other in this novel. Tom respect Richard and treats Richard as his biological brother. He also respects Richard as an Aboriginal and accepted him. Richard respects Joe and Sonya, even though they are only their adoptive parents. Besides, Richard and Tom do a lot of thing together. For an example, they were playing cricket together in the backyard and cleaned the attic together, so that they found the aboriginal carving on the attic. The most important is Tom went together with Richard to find his father’s burial ground. This showed that they prefer do a lot of thing together. Furthermore, both of them are adventurous. They are courageous to find Richard’s father’s burial ground without bring along with their parents. This showed that they have the spirit to adventure. Moreover, they brave to face the challenges and do not fear anything that may be will happened on them. In addition, they reluctant to separate with families. After Richard had found his father’s burial ground, he should leave with Tom and Bradley, however Richard decided to stay at Hermannsburg Mission to help with odd jobs around. Tom showed his reluctant to leave his brother Richard. Richard also reluctant to leave his families so he asked Tom to take care himself hen he was waved goodbye to him. Last but not least, Richard and Tom are helpful and obedient children. Tom showed his helpful when he helped Richard to find his father’s burial ground at Uluru. It can be proved by when Richard said to Tom â€Å" I couldn’t have done this without your help. Thank you for your support. † They are obedient children because they listened to their parents when their parents asked them to clean the attic, they cle aned the attic without any objection. This showed they are obedient. In conclusion, I learned a lot of moral value between Richard and Tom. They are same ages brother but they don’t have many argument. In this condition, they showed love to each other. Moreover, Tom helped Richard to find his father’s burial ground with his sincere heart. Richard also get along very well with his adoptive families. The theme I learn in this novel is love is powerful. Richard’s parents, Sonya and Joe was worried about Richard. But they still allowed him to go to Alice Springs because they know it is important for him. How to cite Back to the Dreamtime, Essay examples

Advantages And Disadvantages Transportaion -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Advantages And Disadvantages Transportaion? Answer: Introduction The purpose of writing this research report is to understand the Accounting Information System(AIS) and ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) system in public transport in Australia and to understand the ERP and its benefits in public transport in Australia. In this report, we will study how the successful implementation of ERP helps in reducing the development time of business transactions to facilitate better management, analyzing the impact of public transport in Australia and how these systems (ERP/AIS) help public transportation department to take their business to the next level. This research also includes the recommendations for proper implementations of ERP/AIS systems and providing the industry an awareness related to the feasible security risks. This research also explores the guidelines on how the analyzed risks can be mitigated (Hidalgo et al., 2011). Business process This part of the report includes understanding about the various processes of the transport organization provided to the travelers with the help of ERP. The functional flow of the transport management system is as follows: There are various ERP management functionalities provided by the transport companies. These functionalities are classified as follows: Mode Support: ERP transportation system plays a major role in providing various options or mode of transport and saving the financial cost (Starr, 2013). This system helps in providing different travel packages provided by different modes of transport such as rail, bus, flight, taxi, etc. and help the users travel long term in less expenses. Finance Functionality: This includes the exchange of money between the bus owners or transport organizations and the users. This involves the billing of transportation, invoices, freight calculations etc. Operations Management: This management handles all types of rates, tariffs, capacity of the mode selected, and asset management (CIMA, 2016). Strategic Management: This part of the management defines the design of the network, decisions related to the sources, administration and overall flow of the process. Calculation of Key Performance Indicators: This functionality manages to calculate the exact values of the ERP metrics like those of calculating the percentage difference in pick up, drop, cost per distance etc. Route Planning: This functionality helps in managing the routes, carriers, drivers etc. Execution Monitoring: This functionality of transport management system helps in retrieving the real-time updates to the location and progress. This functionality also helps in communicating with the drivers in real-time (Aberdeen Group, 2013). Business requirements The public transportation company provide services to the customers that enable them to travel from one place to another. The transport companies provide services to the travelers that enable them to track their booked mode of transport online, make the queries and payments, etc. Thus, the transportation system need to be updated in real-time so that the users can get the updated information all the time. The arrival or emergence of advanced information systems (AIS) helps the users the reliability in their own mobility, and adapted to their needs. AIS also plays a vital role in bringing the ease to access, and stable price to the users, alternatively helping them to travel with cost effective features and time schedule (Team, 2012). This has also increased the competition within transportation companies and have transformed the way in which the transportation companies provide their services. Thus, there is a need of integrating the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) in the transpor tation industry to streamline business process. The integration of ERP helps the industry to manage the flow control of cash and reduce the loss and delays. Systems requirements It has been observed that ERP systems not only assisting with the back-end of the organizations but also assisting the transport industry in managing the enterprise diverse operations such as supply chain management, operational efficiencies, increasing monogamies, while reducing the overall cost. Nowadays, transport companies need to track all the information in the real time. Other than tracking, companies also need to create a plan for carrying out other process or procedures (APTA, 2007). These include managing future bookings, accounting, payments, maintenance, etc. Thus, this managing and maintenance of all the information require some software to simplify their work and operations and reduce the complexity. This has also been analyzed that the required software must be user-friendly and advanced enough to manage all the backend or administrative tasks. Another most important thing, which the software must be using is the encryption of all the data to make all the user data con fidential. This feature is a crucial factor because its very important to make the data secure to win the customer loyalty and preventing the hackers to misuse the confidential information linked to their financial accounts and personal information. Also, the transport company needs to get connected to the drivers in the real time to match the information related to the travelers, track the transportation mode drop and pick up time, destinations, and other important relevant factors (Combs, 2008). Thus, the software must make certain of providing the safeguard measures to prevent the users information from any kind of misuse while following all the protocols or rules and regulations for the transport agency. The Enterprise Resource Planning must put forward the security measures and all the other requirements that are required for a specific purpose and role and make their system safe and efficient (Baray Hameed, 2006). Software and vendor selection The present ERP systems design or destine to utilize the technologies to combine in such a way to enhance the functionalities of the software. There are a number of choices available to select the software, but transport company must select the best one that manages both the front-end and back-end in a user-friendly and effective manner. Major sellers in the ERP marketplace includes SAP, Oracle, J.D Edwards software, Baan, Microsoft dynamics, Peoplesoft, etc, which are the major competitors to propose effective software solutions. Every ERP software mentioned above provide all the basic managing services and has the potential to handle all the transport related features. The transport industry has revolutionized in a way that they are using the ERP systems in an effective manner. Generally, the J.D Edwards ERP systems provide three services which are been used by the travel industry to run all major processes and functions. These three services include customization services, consult ation services and support services which are defined as follows: Customization services: These services are used by the organization by customizing the software intended for the use in a specific place or time. That is, the industry can customize the software depending upon their needs and can add extra functionalities to the software. The customization of software requires the professional expert to write the robust code effectively and efficiently (Julian, 2007). Consulting services: Consulting services help the industry to go online or track real-time information while tracking, workflow and improving the customer loyalty. These services help the industry in the initial stages to implement the ERP. Support services: These services help in providing the solutions to troubleshoot the issues and assistance with various ERP issues, that is, these services provide both the maintenance as well as support (Jatin, 2013). Ways to utilize technology for business efficiency In this competitive world, it is very important to use the best tools and technologies to manage the functions of the industry. As the travel industry requires the regular updates and the real-time tracking, it is very important to choose the best software providing the best features and functionalities. One of the advantageous software is the ERP software, which can be easily customized so as to reduce the labor hours of the industry, thereby decreasing the operational costs (Goldsmith et al., 2006). Following are the ways in which the ERP software can be utilized to get more benefits from it: Integrated Information: To perform the various functions at the same time and managing all the functions, ERP system provides a one stop service for all. That is, there is no need to buy a new software or manage other software to handle multiple tasks. ERP provides the information in an integrated manner which can be retrieved any time. Increased efficiency in processes: The data and information can be collected in a more effective and accurate manner which eliminates or put an end to processes which require manual efforts. The information can be collected from the software in a fraction of seconds, thereby helping the travel industry in numerous ways. Effective management: The management required various control systems to examine the present promotions, offers, and customer loyalty strategies being implemented by the other competitors in the market. ERP system also helps in making control on existing contracts with other industries working in the similar domain. Modular software system: Integrating the modules that help in sorting all the basic functions in real time. Access to data: ERP systems provide an ease to access the retrieve the information of the users and to interact with the clients in the real time. Increased security of data: ERP system provides the service to secure all the information and the confidential data of the users, and making sure all the data shared in the real time is encrypted and safe (EL-Geneidy, 2005). User friendliness of the system: ERP systems are user friendly enough to update all the info in ease and make adequate preparation to get all the data with specific reports. Efficiency from technology implementation The implementation of technology in the travel industry plays a vital role in improving the efficiency of the system. To broaden the customer base and providing the advantageous offers, the acquisition of advanced technology systems is crucial. It helps in reducing the manual hours and efforts by making the system retrieve the information in a fraction of seconds (Combs, 2008). The travel industry has become exponentially dependent on the ERP systems to manage all the information. These ERP systems also help in remaining competent with other travel industries and managing their position within the same vertical. The efficiency of the system while using the ERP software also helps with: Automating and integrating the predominance of the industry processes. Sharing frequent data and practices among various companies or enterprises internally. Access of information in the real-time environment. Potential security risks This part of the report is to analyze the potential security risks associated with using the advanced technologies. Although, the use of ERP systems in the travel industry has substantial advantages, but there are some risks associated within the system which need to be addressed to prevent the confidential information from getting misused by the defaulter. The travel industry should adhere to all the security measures as any carelessness in taking the preventive measure may lead to the leak in the confidential information. There are also some additional risks associated with the advancement of technologies and using the ERP systems. These risks arise due to the ignorance of the threats which need to be taken care of while using the systems. Some of the threats of using these systems which should be addressed in advance are as follows: Using of Outdated, and unsupported software which can lead to crashes and integration issues: This is the major threat related to the excessive usage of advanced enterprise resource planning(ERP) systems without getting enough knowledge related to the risks associated with the systems. Using or running outdated and unsupported software, which are not compatible with the latest versions or products doesnt work properly and result in the inaccurate outcomes. Also, outdated servers and browsers can also adversely affect the result. The no longer supported systems can result in system crashes which need to be taken special care of (ISACA, 2011). Loss of data control and external reporting due to insufficient reporting capability: Use of the external ERP system which manages the confidential information should be taken care of, to reduce the loss of data. The ERP systems used must be analyzed to access the information properly. The information must be properly backed up regularly so that the system contains all the data in an organized manner. The industry should also make the employee aware about the permanent loss of the data due to the insufficient attention of using the latest tools such as excel or access. Providing access to the technical employees who make large scale changes to program: This is to make ensure that the control of the access should be in place to prevent the unauthorized modifications to the data within the system. The configuration settings must be properly considered and overlooked. More scrutiny is required when it comes to the control of direct access to the software developers (Maginus, 2015). Software vulnerabilities due to delayed updates: It has been observed that an Enterprise Resource Planning software account to more security threat due to delay in updates. Approximately 65 per cent of companies are more vulnerable to threats because of not running the software on the latest versions or not updating the systems on time. It is, therefore, necessary to update the software to the latest version, so prevent the information from the easy access to the hackers. Lack of compliance with security standards: This is to understand the complaint of the legacy ERP systems. This can be done by verifying the users using the OTP system, or by verifying through the security code. These numbers are sent to the users for the verification. Also, a number of security measures can be used for controlling the data and backups. Thus, the transport industries must take additional preventive measures to safeguard the information and maintain the security of the information to prevent any unauthorized access to the data. Mitigation strategies This part of the research report is written to pen down all the points which help in understanding the strategies which can be implemented to lower down the threats or steps which can be taken to remove the threat if it arises. The first one is the implementation of the correct ERP system or choosing the best ERP software that best matches the requirements of the public transport industry and the second one is to correctly integrate the ERP system to the industry. Also, this depends upon the industry and its capabilities to handle and manage the risk or threat. To evaluate the risk, the risk assessment process is used to develop the protocols (rules and regulations) to help the public transport industry to mitigate the risks or how to control or eliminate the risk. There are different risk scenarios that are used to address the risks or fraud in the implementation of the ERP system (enVista, 2014). These are mainly classified in three categories which are shown in the figure attached below: Other than fraud, there are other different factors which can be evaluated while selecting the options and choosing the organizations which provides the services related to the Risk advisory. Some examples provided by the risk advisory organizations are as below but not limited to: Acquiescence with the government and its laws. Understanding the risk that may occur during the implementation of ERP system. Understanding the stability of the software. Threats related to external and internal security, etc. There are some risk advisory services provided by the ERP implementation systems which are as follows: Comprehensive risk assessment: This is to understand the configuration changes in the current system which has not been tracked and executing some SQL and Operating system scripts. This risk assessment also includes the overriding of the three-way matching requirements (ERM Initiative, 2013). Targeted risk assessment services: The services provided by this risk assessment are internal control design, business process design, management of changes and software configurations, definitions of security controls, and testing, etc. Conclusion This research report has been prepared for the public transport industry and understanding their business processes, requirements of the business process and the impact of implementation of such a system on the efficiency of the business processes. Through this research report, we have explored the ways via which an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system can be used to streamline the public transport industry processes and make the system efficient. The arrival of the advanced technologies in the field of public transport has made the system user friendly, mobile responsive and much more effective. The introduction of ERP/AIS systems in the field of technology has made all the possible ways to make the system cost effective in the real time. This research report also concluded how the ERP/AIS systems help in providing the real-time support and management to the travel industry. This report includes the detailed requirement of businesses and the system software in the field of public transport. While making understanding of the software, we have also recommended the best software to be used in the industry and how it helps the industry in remaining competitive with the other competitors. This report also pays a special attention to the understanding of the risks or the threats that may arise due to their usage and what preventive measures can be taken to reduce the risk to safeguard the information collected in the system. Thus, overall, this report concludes that while implementing the ERP system in the industry, there is a requirement of making a considerable investment to match the expectations of the outcomes from the ERP system, that is, whether it fulfills all the requirements of that industry and checking whether the risk advisory services has been deployed to prevent the system from potential risks. References Aberdeen Group, 2013. The value of ERP and expense management integration, Available at: https://www.brittenford.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/us-value-of-erp-expense-mgmt.pdf APTA, 2007. Public Transportation: Benefits for the 21st Century, Available at: https://www.apta.com/resources/reportsandpublications/Documents/twenty_first_century.pdf Baray, S. Hameed, S., 2006. Analysing the effectiveness of implementing the enterprise resource planning systems, Available at: https://emcis.eu/Emcis_archive/EMCIS/EMCIS2006/Proceedings/Contributions/C118/CRC/Hameed2.pdf CIMA, 2016. Travel and Expenses Management: How modern finance leaders balance control with employee satisfaction, Available at: https://www.cimaglobal.com/Documents/Thought_leadership_docs/white-paper-hub/2016-04-12-Travel-and-Expense-Management.pdf Combs, S., 2008. A Plan for the Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) for the State of Texas, Available at: https://www.txprojectone.org/documents/ERP_Advisory_Council_Report.pdf EL-Geneidy, A., 2005. The use of advanced information technology in urban public transportation systems, Available at: https://tram.mcgill.ca/Research/Publications/Ahmed_dissertation.pdf enVista, 2014. How to Avoid an ERP Implementation Failure, Available at: https://info.envistacorp.com/blog/how-to-avoid-an-erp-implementation-failure ERM Initiative, 2013. ERP implementation risk: managing sources of project delays and other risk, Available at: https://erm.ncsu.edu/library/article/erp-implementation-risk-managing-sources-of-project-delays-and-other-r Gershon, R., 2005. Public transportation: Advantages and challenges. PMC journal, 82(1), pp.7-9 Goldsmith, S., Killorin, M. Larson, E., 2006. The economic benefits of public transportation, Available at: https://www.iser.uaa.alaska.edu/Publications/final_beneoftransit.pdf Hidalgo, A., Albors, J. Gmez, K., 2011. ERP Software Selection Processes: A Case Study in the Metal Transformation Sector. Intelligent Information Management, 3, pp.1-16. ISACA, 2011. Risk Management When Implementing ERP Systems Available at: https://www.isaca.org/Journal/archives/2011/Volume-1/Pages/Risk-Management-When-Implementing-ERP-Systems.aspx Jatin, 2013. Selecting an Enterprise Resource Planning [ERP] system Available at: https://www.pa.com.au/media/1107436/selecting-an-erp-whitepaper.pdf Julian, A., 2007. Criteria for the selection of ERP software. Informatica Economic?, 2(42), pp.63-66. Maginus, 2015. 5 Ways to Avoid ERP Implementation Failure, Available at: https://maginus.com/news/blog/5-ways-to-avoid-erp-implementation-failure/ Starr, S., 2013. Top 7 ERP Transportation Management Features, Available at: https://www.erpfocus.com/erp-transportation-management-features-1481.html Team, L.-8., 2012. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Public Transportaion, Available at: https://lang-8.com/465821/journals/1705528

On Love And Hate Essays - Love, Emotions, Discrimination, Hatred

On Love and Hate Historically, extremes in emotion and reason do not often mix. I am thus cautious of attempting to comb through love or hate with reason. My recourses are two: to (yes, using what reason I have) separate intellectual thought from emotion; and to apply as little reason as possible without ceasing to write. It seems reasonable (sorry) to assume that emotion and reason have nothing to do with each other. It also seems very likely that one cannot exist with the other. They seem capable of cohabitation within a single person, but fall upon differing objects. Are not the things we love or hate not the things we understand? Hate: Hate is one of our reactions to a lack of understanding. We cannot hate that which we understand. Hate is our frustration at failure to comprehend. The more we understand something hated, the more our hatred becomes sadness or pity, or deepens to a hatred of that which caused whatever it was that we did not understand. In the latter case, the hatred may increase with understanding, but the object of the hatred has shifted. We are given a wide range of paths for dealing with our hatred, from the altruistic to the reactionary. The altruists, wishing peace without societal discord, tell us to repress our hatred and replace it with love, a path bound eventually for emotive explosion and breakdown. The diametric path gives us a series of smaller explosions with promise of emotional stability as a result of constant expulsion of malefic urges. Neither of these, or combinations thereof, are terribly productive ways in which to deal with hate, as even the moderate paths deal with the hatred only superficially and inefficiently. I see the only way around hatred being understanding. Upon comprehension of the object of hatred, one is either better equipped for the constructive removal of said object, cooly and rationally; or no longer desirous of the removal. Either outcome is fully satisfying altruistically. In the latter case, one must accept simultaneously a bit of humility for having been mistaken as well as a bit of pride for having become a bit more correct. This leaves one emotionally balanced. The hatred is not repressed, but transformed. The same emotional energy is simply working in a different direction. Upon the removal of the object, the hatred is put to work in a positive manner instead of simply lashing out half-cocked and possibly incorrectly. The process is simply that of questioning: "why does this specific situation exist?", and "what can be done to cause this situation not to exist?". Realize that just as for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction; for every reaction, there is an equal and opposite cause; and that nothing is simply either cause or effect, but everything is both. Love: Ask the same questions, hope not to find answers, and don't be disappointed when you do. If you find understanding of the object of love, it will no longer be an object of love, as love, similarly to hate, is a reaction to a lack of understanding. The faster you find answers, the more superficial the emotion. When answers come in the form of more questions, you have a true indication of the intensity and thoroughness of the emotion, and there is more likelyhood that when love finally disappears, through comprehension, it will be replaced with respect and admiration which you will find very easy to tell yourself is the same thing. I am sorry if it seems I have advised you to processes that diminish or destroy emotions; I have not. Emotions, contrary to poetic assumption, are not permanent, but transitory (although it is certainly not impossible for them to remain for durations exceeding a human lifetime). I believe that the proper thing to do with emotions is to consummate them, not to either prolong or shorten their duration, for one is stagnation and the other repression.

Everything You Need to Know about the Stone Barrington Books

Everything You Need to Know about the Stone Barrington Books The 36th Stone Barrington novel by Stuart Woods, Scandalous Behavior, debuted at #1 on the bestseller lists, as usual. Thirty-six novels featuring one character is a lot, although it’s not a record- there are examples of books series that span hundreds of books, although most of those feature a mixture of authors. Still, when a series featuring a single character gets to be that long, the author is obviously doing something right, and that kind of success naturally makes a book-hungry person wonder if it could be a rich vein for them to mine when their usual supply of novels runs dry- but on the other hand, thirty-six novels (with the thirty-seventh due out later this year) can be a bit intimidating. So here’s what you need to know about the Stone Barrington novels. Character Sketch So, is Stone Barrington a guy you want to spend a lot of time with? Here’s what you need to know: His parents were both born to wealthy families, but were both disinherited because they refused to conform to familial expectations, a strain of rebelliousness that Stone himself inherited. He grew up in New York and attended public schools and graduated with a law degree, but after a ride-along in a police car decided to join the NYPD. In New York Dead he’s at the tail-end of his career as a Lt. Detective, rehabbing an injury and at odds with his superiors; in the middle of that story he’s forced out of the force and takes the Bar Exam to become a lawyer, and is hired by a tony law firm to be â€Å"of counsel.† Basically, the firm uses Stone to handle cases they don’t want sullying their reputation, and the work slowly makes Barrington a pretty wealthy guy- which is good, because he already had some very expensive tastes. You can’t help but see Woods in Barrington; much of Barrington’s jet-setting lifestyle seems like a slightly exaggerated version of Woods’ own life, from the pilot’s license to the knowledge of wines and food (Woods once wrote a very successful guide to restaurants and hotels in England and Ireland). Barrington travels the world, can handle himself in almost any situation, has a very active love life, and is a lot of fun to spend time with. His dislike of authority and his sense of humor are ideal for a character who is always sticking his intelligent nose where it’s not wanted. By the way, if you think Stone Barrington is a pretty silly name, you’re not alone: Woods’ editors reportedly tried very hard to convince him to change it. In Order The Stone Barrington books include, in publication order: New York Dead (1991)Dirt (1996)Dead in the Water (1997)Swimming to Catalina (1998)Worst Fears Realized (1999)L.A. Dead (2000)Cold Paradise (2001)The Short Forever (2002)Dirty Work (2003)Reckless Abandon (2004)Two Dollar Bill (2005)Dark Harbor (2006)Fresh Disasters (2007)Shoot Him If He Runs (2007)Hot Mahogany (2008)Loitering With Intent (2009)Kisser (2010)Lucid Intervals (2010)Strategic Moves (2011)Bel-Air Dead (2011)Son of Stone (2011)D.C. Dead (2011)Unnatural Acts (2012)Severe Clear (2012)Collateral Damage (2013)Unintended Consequences (2013)Doing Hard Time (2013)Standup Guy (2014)Carnal Curiosity (2014)Cut and Thrust (2014)Paris Match (2014)Insatiable Appetites (2015)Hot Pursuit (2015)Naked Greed (2015)Foreign Affairs (2015)Scandalous Behavior (2016)Family Jewels (T/K 2016) A few quick take-aways here: Through 2010 Woods had written 18 Stone Barrington Novels in 13 years, which is a brisk but not unusual pace; beginning in 2011 he published 19 more in just six years, with as many as four new Barrington novels hitting the shelves in a single year. According to interviews with Woods, he’s not only writing all of these books himself (unlike certain other ‛prolific’ best-sellers), he’s writing so many Barrington novels because his publisher requested that he do so. Key Barrington The series does follow a very loose chronology in the sense that past events and characters do occasionally pop into new stories (and some of Woods’ other characters from other series show up from time to time, as well. That said, this is a series you can read in any order, really, with only the occasional mystery reference to past events. Barrington is one of those characters whose charm is their consistency. The two caveats are: One, read New York Dead first. It’s not only the first-published, it’s the book that sets up Barrington’s back-story, so it’s really the one essential starting point; Two: 2004’s Reckless Abandon is a continuation of a story begun in Woods’ Holly Barker novel Blood Orchid, so you might want to read that one first. So, whether you dig up New York Dead and start at the beginning, pick up the first Barrington book you find, or seek out Scandalous Behavior right now, you’re going to have a pretty good time getting to know one of the thriller world’s best characters.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Marketing - Essay Example the development of an effective sales force team and the development of an effective training program to help employees grow in both their own goals as well as to help meet the needs of the company. Developing an effective sales team requires not only investing in the team itself, but also fostering an environment that encourages growth, innovation and provides rewards for hard work and diligent practice at all levels. â€Å"Even in the best companies, we found that 35 percent of the sales force did not have the talents necessary to achieve acceptable results predictably. This rather considerable group – one of every three salespeople out there – is consistently in the bottom half of the performance curve† (Smith & Rutigliano, 2003). The importance of this comes into play when one realizes that sales is essentially a talent-driven occupation. Studies conducted by the Gallup Group and others have indicated that experience has very little effect on whether sales people are effective in their positions while increasing the numbers of employees within the sales force also shows very little benefit to be gained. â€Å"The way to improve the talent in your sales force is to make sure that the new people you hire have talent configurations that closely match those of the best producers in your existing sales force. This is in contrast to the conventional approach of hiring people with more experience or providing more training to your sales organization† (Smith & Rutigliano, 2003). However, this is not to say that some training will not benefit the corporation or the bottom dollar as it is through training that engagement can be boosted among employees. In order to be effective, training must concentrate on those areas that actively involve employees in the key aspects of their positions. In defining the training needs, it is important to keep in mind the needs of the organization as compared with the top performers of not just your own organization, but of

Response to at least 3 students assignment postings Coursework

Response to at least 3 students assignment postings - Coursework Example The author was successful in making me accept his strategy of applying mixed method when dealing with the issue. My favorite part was the author’s admission that application of a collective strategy would be difficult because the involved parties would be holding divergent opinions whose conflict may cause inconvenience in the healthcare industry. Bennett, G. (2012), Republicans pivot quickly, turning Supreme Court loss into attack on Obama. Retrieved from http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/news/state-regional-govt politics/republicans-pivot-quickly-turning-supreme-court-lo/nPhfn/ This article is more inclusive as it includes the American people who are the main beneficiaries of the issue (NEDARC, 2010). It was clear that the author was trying to divert from politics through involving the government instead of individual political parties. I was especially moved by the author’s attitude of staying clear of the historical background of the healthcare issue, and instead suggesting mechanisms that can be applied in improving the situation. In my opinion, the author is trying to make everybody feel responsible for making the health care plan a success. The author was successful in outlining the individual roles of all stakeholders in the health care industry (Bachmann and Barth, 2004). NEDARC (National EMSC Data Analysis Resource Center) (2010). Communication mediums. Retrieved from http://www.nedarc.org/tutorials/utilizingData/chooseCommunicatioMethods/communica ionMediums.html#Presentation In this assignment, it is clear that the author is trying to interconnect both the internal and external factors that lead to criminal recidivism. In my opinion, the three audiences; that is, the state parole board, the state bar association and the board of directors of the Exodus Transitional Community, fully represent the sources of interventions that can be applied in mitigating the causative factors (Lehman and Phelps, 2005). However, I think that the

The Principles Of Relationship Building Children And Young People Essay

The Principles Of Relationship Building Children And Young People Essay Effective communication plays vital role in developing positive with children, young people and adults. To build a positive relationship with children, young people and adults. As a TA you have to model the positive and effective communication skills between you and your other peers. You can do this by approaching and responding in positive communication, making the children feel comfortable in your presence or while you are supporting them. The effective communication is important for developing positive relationship with a child can often take sometimes. In my practice we reinforce this by greeting the children with smile, good morning and asking how are you? We also use Makaton signs while greeting. We also give chance to children to tell anything they want share with us. Its good that while you are talking with children get down to their level and give the positive response while communicating to children. If you are communicating with reception children, use short sentences and easy words. Build a relationship with by children by asking their favourite this, make an eye contact as this will boost the confidence of the child. As when the child or young people feel relaxed they will the child education and development. Explain the principles of relationship building with children, young and adults. (1.2) In my view all good relationships are built on warmth, caring, mutual respect and a willingness to listen to and accept one another. Relationships with children are especially tender and deserve extra attention and care as children are developing their concepts of the world and their place in it. Children look to the relationships with caring adults in their lives to answer many questions. They want to know, Do I belong? Am I doing all right? Do you see who I am? and Am I safe with you? They may not ask these questions with words, but they are looking to their relationships for the answers. Its important that you communicate how much you enjoy having the child or young adult you want to build a relationship with in your life. You can do this simply by giving the priority to the child or young person and leave everything else for a moment and giving them your full attention and a warm look. Show the child or young person or adult that you are pleased and fully attentive to whatever the child or young person presents. Youll be amazed where things go when we make time for them to unfold. In my practice we implement by giving the child the priority for example if I am writing the observation or busy in any activity and child comes to me . Then give the importance to child putting that activity aside for while and responding them positively. Explain how different social, professional and cultural contexts may affect relationships and the way people communicate. (1.3) Different social, professional and cultural contexts may affect relationships and the way people communicate because of a lack of understanding of one anothers background and or/culture. There are several behaviours that may be perceived differently by people. When communicating with others we need to consider the context in which we are working, we need to adapt the way we communicate in different situations. We should also remember that different cultures will have their own norms of behaviour which may extend to gestures, body language and eye contact. Explain the skills needed to communicate with children, young person and adult. (2.1) As a TA You have to demonstrate many skills while communicating with the children , young person and adult. It is really important that you give the opportunities to the children , young person or adult to talk about their views or any concerns .for example in my practice we done an activity regarding the expression or how you are feeling today ? after finishing the activity we gave the chance to every child if he/ she wants to discuss how is he feeling today and why? . You have show the respect to their views by active listening and valuing their views. While you were listening them make sure to have an eye contact and if communicating with child show your interest by saying different expressive work like thats sound amazing or praising them if they are telling about their good act .you have to get down to their level while communicating with the children. Get involved with children while communicating for example if the child is talking about a story book ask different question like what is your favourite character , did your like the story ? , Which part you find interesting in the book? Explain how to adapt communication with children and young people for: the age of child or young person , the context of communication and communication differences.(2.2) We have to adapt different way of communication with children and young people . As children of different ages will have various levels of attention and requirements than that of an older child, younger children who are starting school will require lots of support and reassurance in order for them to adjust to a school environment and develop their independence. As a TA You can do with this by praising and encouraging the child to build up good relationship and friendships with other children or children they may not usually associate with. When communicating with younger children it is really very important that we make an eye contact with the child and use simple instructions broken down into manageable steps. With some children with educational needs you may have to use alternative forms of communication like in our practice we use hands gestures, pictures or symbols. With an older child they still require lots of encouragement, praise and approval in order to improve their social skills. We also need to give older children opportunity to talk and express their views and opinions and it is vital that you make them feel that you are interested in listening to them. An older child still needs to understand boundaries and behaviour expected from them. The context of the communication; We have to change the verbal communication according to the situation we find ourselves in when with children or young people. If we are working in a more social location in school . For example in my practice when are in the playground or outside area then we use to communicate the children in very friendly way involve in what they are playing by giving different ideas of games they can play. It will gives us the opportunity to build relationships with the children. In a situation such as a learning activity or if I am working with target groups then it is important that the children are focused and can work without any distractions in order to complete the activity. At that time my way communicating with children will be forma, firm and proficient as I am working are in class and in an educational environment When working with children or young people with communication difficulties it is vital that we ensure patience and understanding as they will need to take more time . If a child has a speech difficulties such as stammer then they could feel anxious or nervous when trying to say something so it is important that we try not to speak for them or guess what they are trying to say as this may add to their anxiety. In my practice we use the resources such as PECS (picture exchange communication system) which is a form of alternative communication which uses pictures instead of words. And also use Makaton; a simple form of sign language which uses signs and picture symbols as well as speech. Explain the main differences between the communication with children and young people. (2.3) When communicating with the children, the language used should be appropriate to their age and understanding. Children need simpler terms than young person and also need to think of concentration levels and attention spans. Make sue that you never interrupt children and never dismiss anything they are saying; this will only lower their self esteem. Never laugh or hurry them when they are speaking. Active listening, taking note of their views and opinions. Showing smile and being polite to them. Provide the opportunities to young children to develop the communications skills, taking their ages in your mind. Use of non verbal communication, written communication like grammar and handwriting We can also communicate with them in formal or informal language, they are more self conscious when speaking in front of others. If Young person who have difficulty in social skills, adults communicate with using good manners may help building up social skills. Explain how to adapt communication to meet different communication needs of adults.(2.4) Communication with the adults, use the respectable language , When we are communicating with adults it is important to address them by their preferred title this in turn is showing respect. It is important for them to feel comfortable with you, especially since you are going to be working closely with them in the classroom, In my practice we reinforce that by showing respect their views and ideas. We also encourage the courteous and polite way of communication in my practice. As a TA I provide all support they might need in the classroom or around school. This will make it easier to work in a team and therefore less likely to cause friction in the setting, this will also make you a good role model for children as well as the adults. Explain how to manage the disagreements with children , young people and adults. (2.5) Everyday kinds of conflict that happen all the time in schools . However to deal with these disagreement you should follow the school policy and procedures, You should not to deny them help if they want it, but to give them as much opportunity to sort out their problems for themselves without taking over and doing it for them. In most circumstances the schools use procedure guide line that could be listen calmly to the both sides, You Should encourage them to reflect I can see you are very upset. I can understand why you are annoyed. As a TA you should give the child opportunity to resolve the problem for him/herself Is this something you can sort out for yourself or do you need my help? . Listens carefully to both sides, while insisting that each side respects the others opportunity to speak. If you are working with nursery children and they squabbling over something suppose a Push chair, you should first wait and see if they can resolve or sort it by themselves often children do. However if they are unable to sort it then you can step in and ask both children and then putting their ages into your mind you can explain them: 1. If there are two prams so they can both play with prams or 2. If there is only one pram so I will explain they have a choice, they can either play (and share) together and one push, whilst the other holds on, on one side and then swap over or 3. They must decide who is going to play with it on their own for a few minutes often the older/more able child is able to understand that they will have a turn very soon. Explain that you will make a note of the time if they choose this option. This is a good time to explain that it is much more fun to share because they have a friend to play with, very rarely have I found that a child wants to play alone unless of course they are very young and are not at the stage where they are looking to form relationships Another example in my practice I recently come up with a disagreement between two children. They are arguing on the scarf claiming that it belongs to both of them, then they come to me by saying that this scarf belongs to me and child b is also saying this scarf belongs to me. I said to them I have to speak them one by one and listened to them then we decided to go the coat pegs to make sure if they had a same scarf , by going their and having conversation with both children we come up with one thing that one child has a name on his scarf. After that we checked on the peg and found another scarf with the name , and they both got their scarf and disagreement is resolved. Summarise the main points of legislation and procedures covering confidentiality, data protection and the disclosure of information.(3.1) Every Adult who is working with the children or young people should have the knowledge of the legislations and how they are using in their practice. As a TA my responsibility is to keep the information confidential and record it wherever needed. In our practice we reinforce it by using the data protection act 1998 as a guide for our school procedures. All staff use this and follow that guideline. In my practice if a parent come to me and discuss any medical condition regarding the child I always record in our class book and make a copy for sence as well. I pass on that information to the teacher or Senco, depending on child educational needs. We are not allowed to discuss any school records with the parents or any other member of staff. In school we can gather some information about the child which is related to needs in the school such as dietary needs or any allergies child may have, any educational needs, medical information like if a child have to take any medication during the school time or any medical condition which can effect the child education . As a Ta you cannot disclose any information as this is the breach of confidentiality .You can only do this when it is need to know situation like a child has some medical needs which have to cover in the school by doing the parent consent. Explain the importance of reassuring children, young people and adults of the confidentiality of shared information and the limits of this. (3.2) Children, young people and adults need to know confidentiality will be honoured unless their, or others safety and well-being is threatened, a crime has or is likely to be committed, and a professionals knowledge of and access to the child, young person or adults information will not be abused, in the same way that it is important for professionals to understand how important shared information is, where and how its stored, transported and disclosed to other appropriate professionals. The school has a Confidentiality Policy, which all staff needs to be aware of, this sets out the schools aims and objectives relating confidentiality and gives guidelines on how to handle confidential information. The Data Protection Act 1998 states that any organisation holding confidential information should be registered with the Data Protection Commission. The Act gives eight principles of practice that govern the use of personal information. Such information must be processed fairly and lawfully, we can only use it for the purpose for which was gathered. It should be adequate, relevant and not excessive, also very accurate and kept no longer than necessary. The information should be processed in line with the individuals rights and kept it in secure place and discard it when it is not necessary. Justify the kinds of situation when confidentiality protocols must be breached. (3.3) As a TA when you work with children and young people will come to know most of the personal information like date of birth, address and contact details and also sensitive information like behavioural issues, some medical information, family background, whether parents are divorcing and so on. It is the responsibility of the adult to keep this information confidential. You must protect the identity of the child they work with and that of their families and carers. You must do everything in their power to protect the privacy of every child and adult. This can be done by keeping their personal information safe and secure. You can pass it on those who have authorised and legitimate reason to have the information only after they have permission from their parents and carers. This involves parents signing a consent form. If parents refuse permission then the school would not able to pass on the information even if it involves a behavioural specialist working with a child who has special needs.

Material Science Essay

Abstract In this assignment I will be defining the 3 essential properties of every material and describing those. I would also be describing how silicon-based semiconductors revolutionized computing. I will also define what microchips are and how they relate to integrate circuits. Since the pressing questions about the increasing ability of computers to quickly process large amounts of information is whether a computer can be built that is considered â€Å"alive† or â€Å"conscious.† I will also be defining artificial intelligence and telling the difference between the human brain and the central processing unit of a computer. Material Science There are three essential properties of every material that scientists use as a foundation for most every study. First it is the kind of atoms that is made up from the material. There are the neutral elements and the compound elements. The neutral elements would have the identical amount of protons and electrons; this would essentially terminate one another, which would leave the protons and electrons neutral. The compound element is when there is a combination of more than one element. The atoms are second in the way that they are arranged. A great way to explain this is by relating atoms of liquid and atoms of solids. For example the atoms of liquids move around allowing the atoms of solids which are packed together. The way that atoms are attached together is number three. These are the key properties when understanding the study of materials. The strong point of the material, this is the capability to endure forces being useful to it without breaking, this is first. The materials elasticity is second, which is the capability to flex while returning to its original form. Number three is the materials plasticity; this is the ability to change its shape forever. Thanks to the starter of semiconductors, computers have developed over a billion times faster than one of the first built in 1946 (ENIAC). Describe how silicon-based semiconductors revolutionized computing. Since silicone semiconductors are capable to move easily through the solid component it is more proficient than copper based conductors. Silicone based conductor’s makes holes which produces and fills a space constantly. This means electrons jump from one atom to another. This will also change the silicon through a process called doping by adding either phosphorus or aluminum the desired effect is achieved. When adding phosphorus to silicon it develops n-type which is negative-semiconductor. When adding aluminum to silicone it develops p-type semiconductors. These are both essential parts functions efficient electrical devices microchips, which are used in computers. Microchips are positive and negative type semiconductors. Microchips do a detailed function. A microchip is individual diodes and transistors will play a big part of the essential function in modern electronics, although these strategies have been mainly replaced by much more complex arrays of P- and N- kind semiconductors, known as microchips. Microchips may join hundreds or thousands of transistors in one integrated circuit, particularly intended to do a specific role. They are related to integrated circuits this is why. Combined circuits (microchips) are the main component in devices such as microwave calculators, and other devices. An integrated circuit microprocessor lies on modern technology. Modern technology is occupied with electrical integrated circuits. Such as, Televisions, MP3 players and computers all contain integrated circuit which allows them to perform specific functions. Also known as microchips or microprocessors, these circuits keep track of all the information being transferred within the device, in essence giving it life. Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce are both who take credit with inventing the integrated circuit, both coming up with the idea within a year of each other while working for separate companies. Artificial Intelligence is a division of science which deals with helping machines and finds explanations to complex problems in a more human like manner. This normally contains borrowing features from human intelligence, and applying them as procedures in a computer friendly way. A more or less well-organized approach can be taken depending on the necessities recognized, which impacts how artificial the intelligent performance seems. (http://ai-depot.com/Intro.html) The 2 essential differences between human brains and the central processing unit of a computer is the brain-computer metaphor has served intellectual psychology well, research in intellectual neuroscience has revealed many significant changes between brains and computers. Escalating these differences may be crucial to understanding the mechanisms of neural information processing, and eventually for the creation of artificial intelligence. (http://scienceblogs.com/developingintelligence/2007/03/27/why-the-brain-is-not-like-a-co/) One difference is that brains are analogue and computers are digital. For instance one of the primary devices of information communication appears to be the amount at which neurons fire a fundamentally unbroken variable. Likewise, networks of neurons can fire in relative synchrony or in relative confusion; the coherence affects the strength of the signals received by downstream neurons. Lastly, inside each and every neuron is a leaky integrator circuit, composed of a diversity of ion channels and endlessly changing membrane potentials. (http://scienceblogs.com/developingintelligence/2007/03/27/why-the-brain-is-not-like-a-co/) Another difference is short-term memory is not like RAM. While the superficial similarities between RAM and short-term memory encouraged many early intellectual psychologists, a closer examination reveals strikingly important differences. Although RAM and short-term memory both seem to required power, short-term seems to hold only to long-term memory however. RAM holds data that is Isomorphic which is having similar appearance but different ancestry. Not like RAM, the capacity limit of short-term memory is not fixed, the capacity of short-term memory seems to vary with differences in processing speed as well as with expertise and understanding. (http://scienceblogs.com/developingintelligence/2007/03/27/why-the-brain-is-not-like-a-co/)

People’ Attitude Towards Work Essay

People’s attitude to work varies a lot i.e. in relation to the individuals’ personal experience and their overall perception of others (employers, colleagues) and how they are actually perceived by other people. As emphasized by various key theorists (e.g. Frederick Taylor, Maslow, Douglas McGregor etc.) discussed in Behaviour At Work element 11.1, we (people) make assumption about other people based on our own experience in that, it is a way of making sense of relating to others. We each set ourselves certain standards and expect other people to adhere to them, even though they may not share our views and have different standards for themselves. Motivation is both individual and complex and there is a difference between what motivates people to perform above average and what leads to below average performance. Douglas McGregor emphasized that managers make either theory X or Y assumptions about the way others behave. Theory X assumption includes; * an average human being inherently dislikes work and will avoid it if possible hence, these types of people must be coerced, controlled, directed or even threatened with punishment to get them to put in adequate effort at work. * an average person prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition and wants security above any other thing. Theory Y assumptions on the other hand stresses that; * people do not inherently dislike work and that the conditions of work reflects peoples satisfaction * people will generally exercise self direction and self control in pursuit of the objective to which they are committed * people mostly learn under proper conditions, not only to accept but to seek responsibility * people are not being used by organisations to their full potential * in order to obtain commitment from employees rewards should fulfill an individuals self actualization needs Choosing either Theory X or Y has an overall effect on people, be it positive or negative i.e. there will be a tendency within an organisation for people to respond to the way they are managed thus, if employees feel that they are not being trusted, this may result in them behaving in a less trustworthy way. PEOPLE’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS WORK (CONT.) Conclusion: Due to the fact that there is a range of reasons why people behave differently in work situations, hence, it is unrealistic to make generalized assumption about individuals attitude to work i.e. reasons for performing better or worse than average. Behaviour of each group is most likely to be unpredictable e.g. in the case of our Young business enterprise, GNVQ group A unlike group B spent a lot of time meeting despite the fact that there was conflict between individuals, thus we all had to put personal problems aside in order to achieve the same common goal which alternatively reflects on the successful trading carried out via high level of cooperation. Peoples attitude in a particular organisation can be measured by implementing techniques such as; * Preparation of questionnaires which is distributed to a certain number of selected individuals in a particular organisation. (Ref. example of questionnaire which may be used by organisations – appendix 1) * Face-to-face interviews – this refers to actually forming a one to one communication strategy which deals specifically with obtaining necessary information on employees general attitude towards their work and what motivates them to work harder and effectively. Face-to-face interviews are mainly used to obtain a direct response from the people affected by each policy thus, generating a more realistic subjective view of the employees involved as opposed to making an assumption. Some of the questions which can be included while carrying out an interview are as follows; (1) Can you describe any job you have held where you were faced with problems and pressures which tested your ability to cope? (2) Can you give me an example of a time when you had to conform to a policy with which you did not agree? (3) What stimulates you in your work and how does this motivate you? (4) Would you be willing to work in a position where you are expected to make decisions and how will you conduct yourself? (5) How do you feel about the way you are managed by your superior and what will contribute to you working even better? * Surveys – surveys takes different forms depending on the level of workers which are being examined. It can also be seen as a combination of the methods mentioned above i.e. in generating more response so as to obtain an overall result i.e. a more factual information regarding employees, which can obviously be relied on. (Ref. Example of a personnel performance indicator which can be used in highlighting peoples attitude to work – appendix 2) (Appendix 1) Questionnaire (1) Would you consider yourself satisfied with the level of responsibility your job involves? Yes[] No[] (2) What motivates you to work? Money[] Promotion[] Job security[] Other †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (3) How would you describe you working condition? V. good[] Good[] Average[] Below average[] (4) Do you like working as a group[] ; individually[] ; or both [] (5) Would you like to be included in decision making or quality circle? Yes[] No[] Don’t know[] (6) What do you enjoy most in doing your job? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (7) Have you had any complaint in relation to your level of participation in your job? Yes[] No[] If yes, how do you view this †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (8) How well do you deal with criticism? V. well[] Average [] Below average[] (9) Does criticism affect your overall performance? Yes[] No[] (10) Would you consider yourself Highly motivated[] Easily motivated[] Not easily motivated[] Don’t know[] FACTORS AFFECTING MOTIVATION People’s level of motivation is affected by certain issues, which may lead to an extensive breakdown in communication within an organisation due to lack of cooperation between employees and employees or employees and employers. These factors includes; * Hierarchy of needs – this inter relates to Maslow’s theory of human behaviour i.e. that individuals have five level of needs which they sought to satisfy. The human needs as established by Maslow states that the lowest of our needs include the basic physiological need for food, drink and shelter, once it is satisfied, individuals then needs to protect himself/herself against danger, threat and deprivation thereafter the levels of needs rise through social needs, need for self esteem and status to the need for self actualization. This affects motivation on an individual basis i.e. an individual may focus on each step before actually moving towards self actualization thus, if he/she is not completely satisfy on any of the stages the person tends to struggle a lot in working to his/her best ability – this may not be the case for lots of other people. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self actualization (the need to do the work we like) Esteem (the need to feel worthy and respected) Social needs (the need to be liked/loved and to be a member of a given group) Security (the need to feel safe and secure) Survival (the need to stay alive, to eat, to drink, sleep and reproduce) FACTORS AFFECTING MOTIVATION (CONT.) * Job Satisfaction – this affects the way in which people feel about their work in terms of achievement or recognition from others, the work involved, level of responsibility, opportunities for advancement, company policy and administration, supervisions, salary, interpersonal relations and working conditions. In the case where these are not dealt with in a constructive manner, it may give rise to a high level of dissatisfaction at work which may in turn lead to persistent lateness or absenteeism, below average performance and real or imagined illness on the part of workers i.e. due to a downfall in level of motivation. * Challenge – if the work involved is not challenging enough for certain employees, it may lead to low staff morale that is, workers may not feel the need to give the job their absolute best. On the other hand, if the job is too broad compared to a relatively low number of employees, it may also have the same negative effect in motivating the workers. * Motivators such as: reward, training, promotion etc. If these motivators lacks in an organisation, workers tend to feel that their needs are not being catered for, hence, developing a negative attitude towards employers which alternatively affect the level of work which is put into the organisation i.e. workers in this situation will only work because they feel the need to work not because they want to work. However, in order to get employees fully involved, various kinds of motivators e.g. shared ownership, cash bonuses etc. should be introduced to commend hard working employees thus, serving as a source of motivation in that people actually perform better when they are willing to work so as to meet a certain target rather than employers forcing work on them because they have to. * Career Development – this proves vital in maintaining or improving the level of staff motivation in that, people like to think that their hard work will pay off well as opposed to go unrecognized thus, if there is an opportunity for career development, workers tend to perform well so as to develop their individual skills and at the same time climb up the management ladder. In a situation where it is the opposite, it may lead to a wide spread low morale amongst employees. * Level of Expectancy – this may have an overall effect on an individual’s attitude towards work i.e. in relation to the expectancy theory developed by Victor Vroom, for example, an individual may respond in a positive way to a high level of expectancy from employers while another employee of the same calibre breakdown under pressure thus, it all boils down to an individual’s desire for something in relation to the person’s estimation of how likely it can be achieved. MOTIVATORS APPROPRIATE FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE As established by Frederick Taylor (1947) â€Å"what the workforce want from their employers beyond anything else is high wages and what employers want from their workforce most of all is low labour costs† – the existence or absence of these two elements forms the basis for either a good or bad management. The major factors which makes people feel satisfied with their job and motivates individuals to work effectively includes; high level of achievement, recognition, opportunities for advancement and responsibility as well as the actual content of the work which is being carried out. On the other hand, factors which affects employees adversely and which lead to high level of dissatisfaction with their individual tasks include negative company policy, low level of salary and benefits, interpersonal relations and the overall working conditions (as described earlier). The following motivators are required so as to encourage individuals to work harder thus, enhancing the workers individual performance; * Autonomy – this refers to the amount of freedom and discretion an individual can exercise over a certain job, this gives the worker a higher level of responsibility providing that the person wants and can cope with the responsibility. This will boost an individual’s self-reliance thus, being able to meet target more effectively. Although some people prefer jobs with low level of responsibility, this is often common when people have a highly complex and demanding life outside work. However they are not likely to be high achievers. * Praise – workers generally feel the need to be praised for hard work hence, serving as a motivator in encouraging the particular worker to keep doing a specific task to his/her best ability. Praise actually has an overall effect on the quality and quantity of goods and services produced, so therefore it is vital for employers to recognize and commend a high quality work. MOTIVATORS APPROPRIATE FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE (CONT.) Delegating – this motivates people to work harder in that, it also involves giving workers more responsibility for the tasks they carry out. Delegating is used in a situation where by the particular job holds certain responsibilities, but additional responsibility is giving through delegation, this may help in providing more time for more important tasks, thus, helping in increasing an individuals’ job satisfaction. Reluctant or poor delegation can be worse than no delegation at all, hence, this is why most employers tend to delegate trustworthy employees to carry out certain tasks. Delegation also helps in meeting target, improving cooperation between staff and employer, and improving the quality and quantity of work carried out. * Shared Ownership – shared ownership schemes proves to be very successful in motivating workers in that, employees handle tasks more efficiently due to the fact that they also have a stake in the company hence, people tend to work very well if there is some kind of benefit to derive from their hard work on the long run. The introduction of shared ownership enhances general individual performance i.e. people tend to be self reliance thus, meeting targets, encouraging and maintaining good relationship with co-workers and employers which in turn helps in developing and delivering good quality of work (high standard) as well as improving the quantity of work achieved. * Quality Circle – the implementation of quality circle serves as a motivator because it makes employees feel more involved in all the aspects of product development. Quality circle is usually set up to tackle a particular project where quality improvement is necessary therefore, making it easy to recognize each team’s ability and alternatively rewarding individual teams for the level of work they put in improving the quality and the amount of goods actually produced. EFFECTS OF MOTIVATORS ON INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE In an event whereby employees’ needs are catered for promptly and effectively, organisations can benefit a great deal. For instance, in order for quality circles to be successful, quality improvement programmes needs full commitment from employees. The motivators discussed earlier helps in; * enhancing employees commitment to a particular organisation thus, being more reliable in performing tasks individually as well as part of a team. * boost loyalty – the level of employees loyalty will be improved if they are being treated with respect they deserve e.g. if employees are offered shared ownership of an organisation as a reward for hard work, the employee will be willing to stay loyal for a long period in that, the employee will be obliged to support the particular organisations’ internal and external activities i.e. outside and within the organisation. On the whole, these motivators helps in providing opportunities for increased skills, flexible working and individual development. Motivators also provide social companionship and a sense of pride in the overall working relationship in regards to achievements derived from motivating workers in the correct manner. Further Analysis: GAINING EMPLOYEE COOPERATION THROUGH MOTIVATION It is essential that the reward strategy adopted by employers fulfills employees needs i.e. if motivation to work is to be maintained or increased, it is necessary that an individual is convinced that by putting in extra effort at work, his/her performance will be improved and that the reward he/she values will be forthcoming. In order to gain employee cooperation, employers’ focus on motivating employees in various ways depending on the organisation involved, some of the methods used in achieving this are as follows; * Job Security – by providing a secure job opportunity, workers will have the opportunity for career progression, therefore, they will feel motivated to work hard so as to get on. A major example of this relates to the Japanese economy that is, because employers often offer a job for life to potential individuals thus, they tend to expect a high degree of loyalty from their workers as well as commitment to work to the very best of their ability. * Merit Rating – this refers to recognizing an individuals’ performance and selecting personal qualities which an organisation believes to be important and assessing these qualities hence, giving the organisation an overall idea on how to reward individual performance effectively. (Ref. Merit rating form – appendix 3) * Appraisal – this is also used to pin point performance, appraisal is needed for assessing the performance of an individual in discharging specific responsibilities and/or the potential performance of the individual in other roles. Appraisal often involves assessing both job performance and personality characteristics relevant to the particular job. Performance appraisal is an extension and development of merit rating, it may or may not be used as a basis for increase in salary (performance related pay). GAINING EMPLOYEE COOPERATION THROUGH MOTIVATION (CONT.) An example of appraisal of an employee may take the form below; Job Knowledge and Technical Ability Comments Exceptional Good Satisfactory Marginal Inadequate Energy and Application Comments Exceptional Good Satisfactory Marginal Inadequate Organizing Ability Comments Exceptional Good Satisfactory Marginal Inadequate Overall Assessment 1. Reserved for employees whose distinguished performance is clearly obvious to all. 2. Seasoned employees whose performance is noticeable better than satisfactory. 3. Satisfactory 4. Performance close to being satisfactory but needs further development. 5. Performance clearly below the accountability level required for a certain task or set of tasks (this may include newcomers). 6. Totally unsatisfactory (Ref. Performance Appraisal by: T.L . Whisler and S.F . Harper, research and practice by: Holt, Rinehart and Winston) GAINING EMPLOYEE COOPERATION THROUGH MOTIVATION (CONT.) * Incentive Schemes – this may be used to gain cooperation due to the fact that it is a valuable motivator. Incentive schemes means the payment to employees of a regular bonus related to productivity, this is designed to encourage employees to cooperate with management in raising productivity and the overall performance of the organisation. This emphasizes the relationship between performance and payment, in that money remains a major motivator in enhancing growth in the level of work performed. * Management By Objectives – this focuses on increasing workers performance by agreeing individual objectives with managers and measuring progress by the degree of attainment of the objectives i.e. management by objectives involves setting specific organizational objectives for a future time period. This is a mutual setting of objectives between each position holder and his/her supervisor and the use of the objectives as standards for evaluating the employee’s performance. MBOs are used in gaining cooperation in regards to employee and employer relationship that is, employees will respond a lot better to discussions rather than orders/commands. POTENTIAL BENEFITS REGARDING GOOD COOPERATION As established by Frank Herzberg (1968), increased job satisfaction will not always result in increased performance but nevertheless increasing the level of job satisfaction within an organisation has lots of advantages i.e. in relation to the organisation, the managers and each individual employee. Potential benefits Potential benefits to employees to management * more interesting work Through better Through increased * scope for development working methods motivation * more autonomy * companionship and team pride * share in any benefits to employers * better quality * reduced absence * lower turnover * more flexibility * higher productivity Potential organizational benefits * high level of commitment to the organisation * improved industrial relations climate * organisation growth This table lays emphasis on – improving job design and work organisation to meet individual needs. (Ref. The effective manager, book 4, open university, 1990) POTENTIAL BENEFITS REGARDING GOOD COOPERATION (CONT.) Benefits which are derived from successful communication between employers and employees includes; Organizational Benefits: * In a situation whereby employees are satisfied with the work they perform as well as their working environment, employees tend to identify more closely with the actual organisation. * Employees who are committed to the organisation are likely to work harder towards organizational goals, seize opportunities, contribute new ideas and act as good public relations officers for their employer. * Effective communication within an organisation will also give rise to less chance of industrial disputes in that, employees will have little or no dissatisfaction and the organisation as a whole can therefore expect to survive competition and prosper. Management Benefits: * If workers are highly motivated, managers will be able to expect better quality performance. * The symptoms of dissatisfaction i.e. absenteeism and illness will be minimal or not present hence, the management will be able to discover that staff are willing and able to perform a range of tasks if their individual skills and abilities are fully developed. On the long run, this benefit will lead to improved productivity and better quality service. Individual Benefits: * If a person with certain skills and abilities finds his/her job suited to the qualities he/she possess, the work the individual participate in, will become more interesting and therefore less likely to produce stress or dissatisfaction. * A job which involves various source of motivation i.e. providing an individual with a scope for development, this will be encouraging to the individual, hence, the particular person will then be able to focus on opportunities for improvement and advancement. On the whole, the level of advantages of job satisfaction outweighs its disadvantages hence, in a situation whereby everybody works hand in hand with a view of a common interest i.e. putting aside personal differences, the organisation tend to survive on the long run – the young business enterprise group A is a perfect example to qualify this statement. CONCLUSION: Motivation in Regards to Group Development In order for people to get along well enough as a group so as to be able to benefit the business as a whole, motivators such as praise, autonomy, giving ideas, feedback and so on was implemented in that, for us to achieve each group development stage effectively before moving to the next important stage, it is vital for each group member to deal with the tasks given to the best of his/her ability. * Praise – this was used indirectly at regular intervals, so as to show an appreciation for a good level of effort put in by each group member. * Autonomy – enough opportunity was given to each group member to work on certain tasks as an individual thus, giving the person overall responsibility without too much questioning. * Giving Ideas – each group member was involved in the initial brainstorm for the product ideas as well as designs to be produced and each and every idea brought forward was welcomed and discussed in further depth hence, making each group member feel as part of the business which alternatively led to intense commitment. * Feedback – people need to know whether they are performing their jobs satisfactorily, they need praise for doing things well and they need help and advice if they are not performing up to standard, this is achieved through feedback during business meetings. This is used to the advantage of the business venture, in that, people who are not pulling their weight (contributing) were told directly by group members to do so, thus, giving rise to people actually performing much better in some cases and no apparent change in other cases. On the whole, the level of motivational skills applied to the business venture proves to be effective for the individuals within the group as well as in the general group development.